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Music theory · Let It Be, track 3

Across the Universe

The Beatles · from Let It Be (basic take dates to 1968, released 1970) · written by John Lennon

A study in the borrowed minor iv as a spiritual color.
A slow D-major meditation whose bridge reaches into the parallel minor for a Gm, giving the harmony its floating, mantra-like quality.

Key D major Verse 1–6m–3m–2m7 Refrain A7sus4 suspension Bridge borrows 4m (Gm)

Across the Universe, the theory in plain words

This is John's dreamy Beatles song, in a home key of D major.

The verse rocks through soft, close chords that feel like waves.

The refrain uses a chord that holds a note it wants to let go of, called a suspension, so the music feels like it is breathing in.

The bridge borrows a sad chord from the matching minor key, which gives the song its floating, meditation feel.

That borrowing move is called modal mixture, the same trick from a lot of the medley songs.

To see the exact chords and key, open Pollack or Isophonics.

How to read this page. The chords below are from a public transcription, in D major.
The source page notes it may be played with capo or in D♭ on the record; the harmonic analysis is the same either way.

The theory

Key & tonal center

A meditative D major

The song is in D major with a slow, unrushed harmonic rhythm, letting each chord sustain long enough to feel like a held breath.
That patience is what gives it space for the borrowed color chord in the bridge to register.

Verse harmony

1–6m–3m–2m7, all inside the key

The verse runs D, Bm, F#m, Em7, A, then A7, a warm diatonic tour that touches the tonic and each of its close minor relatives.
No chord tries anything unusual, which lets the vocal float freely on top.

Refrain

An A7sus4 suspension on “Jai Guru Deva Om”

The refrain relies on an A7sus4 that resolves to A7, a suspended fourth that hangs and then drops home.
That single suspension is the harmonic gesture the whole mantra rides on, a chord holding its breath before it releases.

The signature move

The bridge borrows the minor iv

The bridge runs D, Bm, F#m, Em7, then a Gm, the minor version of the subdominant borrowed from D minor, before returning through A and A7.
That single minor-iv chord is the emotional heart of the song, the borrowed shadow that makes the whole meditation feel non-diatonic and floating.

Form & ending

Verse, refrain, one bridge, and a fade

The form alternates the diatonic verse with the mantra refrain, breaks once to the modal-mixture bridge, and drifts away on a repeated D.
There is no cadenced close, only a dissolving that matches the “nothing's gonna change my world” message.

Key analysis

Key: D major, with the ♭4 minor (Gm) borrowed from D minor in the bridge.
Scale: D E F# G A B C#.
DegreeChordNashvilleRoman
1D1I
2Em (Em7)2m / 2m7ii
3F#m3miii
4G4IV
4 (minor)Gm4miv (borrowed)
5A5V
6Bm6mvi

Nashville numbers

Chords sourced from a public transcription, in D major.

Verse

1D
6mBm
3mF#m
2m7Em7
5A
5(7)A7

Refrain (“Jai Guru Deva Om”)

1D
5(7)sus4A7sus4
5(7)A7
5A
4G

Bridge (the borrowed minor iv)

1D
6mBm
3mF#m
2m7Em7
4mGm
5A
5(7)A7

Reading the numbers: each is a scale degree in D. Plain = major, m = minor, (7) = a seventh added, sus4 = a suspended fourth held before it resolves, b-degrees and 4m are borrowed chords. Here the bridge borrows 4m (Gm) from the parallel minor.

Chord fingerings

Most chords (D, Bm, F#m, Em, G, A, Gm) are plain open or barre triads. The two flavored chords in the refrain are shown below (low E to high e; x = mute).

Confirm the specifics here

Pollack, “Notes On Across the Universe”

Prose analysis of the D-major meditation, the sus4 suspension, and the borrowed minor iv.

Open Pollack mirror →

Isophonics, annotations

Downloadable chord and key files: the exact chords and where the bridge borrows.

Open Isophonics →

HookTheory / TheoryTab

Roman-numeral function and melody for the verse and refrain, if a community tab exists.

Open the Beatles index →

BeatlesFC

Tonic, predominant, and dominant labels for the chords at phrase level.

Open the paper →
Song 19 of the 1969-forward queue, third of Let It Be. Theory only, no production notes.
Chords are from a public transcription; exact bar-by-bar detail lives in the linked sources. See the full queue.