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Music theory, Let It Be, track 12

Get Back

The Beatles · from Let It Be (rooftop concert, Jan 1969) · McCartney composition

A study in pure A mixolydian with no 5-chord anywhere and a ♭7-to-4 cadence.
The palette is A, D, G (1, 4, ♭7). No E chord appears in the song, which is the signature that confirms A mixolydian instead of A major. The chorus tag G to D is the classic mixolydian cadence, ♭7 to 4, resolving via a rocking plagal move instead of a V-to-I.

Key A mixolydian (not A major) Palette 1, 4, ♭7 only (A, D, G) No V no E chord anywhere in the song Cadence ♭7-to-4 mixolydian close

Get Back, plain words

The home key is A, but not plain A major. It is A mixolydian, a mode that is like A major with a lowered seventh note (G natural instead of G-sharp).

The whole song uses only three chords: A, D, G.

The tell that it is mixolydian and not major is that there is no E chord anywhere in the song. In plain A major the 5-chord (E) is the strongest chord in the key. Its absence is the signal that A mixolydian is the true home.

The chorus ends on G-D, which is a mixolydian cadence (the ♭7-chord going to the 4-chord). That is a rock-and-roll close instead of a classical V-to-I.

The verse uses power chords (A5, D5) for a driving riff, and the chorus adds sevenths (A7, D7) for a bluesy color.

To see the exact chords and key, open Pollack or Isophonics.

How to read this page. The chords below are from a public transcription, in A mixolydian.
The palette is three chords, A, D, G. The absence of an E chord is what confirms mixolydian instead of major.

The theory

Key & tonal center

A mixolydian, not A major

The home is A, but the palette is A, D, G (1, 4, ♭7). G natural is the lowered seventh degree of A major, which is the defining note of A mixolydian.
The song is in A mixolydian because the ♭7 (G) is a chord in the palette while the diatonic-major 5 (E) is not. In tonal music the presence or absence of the 5-chord is the primary test for mode.

The verse

Power-chord riff on 1(5) and 4(5)

The verse rocks between A5 and D5, the 1 and 4 chords voiced as bare-fifth power chords with no third. That is a classic driving-riff sound built for a rooftop concert.
Removing the third from the chord is a modal move: without an F# or F natural in A5, the chord does not commit to major or minor, which keeps the mixolydian ambiguity open.

The chorus

Dominant sevenths on 1 and 4, ending on the mixolydian cadence

The chorus adds sevenths: A7 (1(7)), D7 (4(7)), then closes on G to D (♭7 to 4). That final G-D is the mixolydian cadence, a rock-and-roll substitute for the V-to-I close of tonal-major music.
The ♭7-to-4 shape is the same close used in Van Morrison's Brown-Eyed Girl, Sweet Home Alabama, and every rock song that avoids the classical V chord.

The absent chord

No E chord anywhere in the song

The strongest evidence for A mixolydian is negative: there is no E chord (the diatonic 5 of A major) in any section of the song, verse, chorus, or solo.
Absence of the V chord is the classical marker of a modal piece. When the 5 is missing and the ♭7 is present, the key center has shifted from major to mixolydian.

Form

Intro-verse-chorus, twice, plus a solo

The full structure is a short intro, verse, chorus, verse, chorus, guitar solo, verse, chorus, plus the rooftop coda repeated tags on A. No bridge, no modulation, no borrowed chord outside the palette.
The whole song is three chords: A, D, G, in power-chord voicings for the verse and dominant-seventh voicings for the chorus.

Key analysis

Key: A mixolydian (A major with a lowered seventh).
Scale: A B C# D E F# G. Same notes as D major, but centered on A. The G natural is the ♭7 that defines the mode.
DegreeChordNashvilleRoman
1A (A5, A7)1 (1(5), 1(7))I
4D (D5, D7)4 (4(5), 4(7))IV
♭7Gb7♭VII (mixolydian ♭7)

Nashville numbers

Chords sourced from a public transcription, in A mixolydian.

Intro

1(5)A5
b7G
4D

Verse (power-chord riff)

1(5)A5
4(5)D5
1(5)A5

Chorus (sevenths, then mixolydian cadence)

1(7)A7
4(7)D7
1(7)A7
b7G
4D

Solo (same three-chord palette)

4(5)D5
1(5)A5
b7G
4D

Reading the numbers: each is a scale degree in A. Plain = major-quality, (5) = a bare-fifth power chord (no third), (7) = a dominant-seventh coloring, ♭7 = the lowered seventh degree of A major, which is the defining chord of A mixolydian.

Chord fingerings

The three chords in their common voicings (low E to high e; x = mute).

Confirm the specifics here

Pollack, "Notes On Get Back"

Prose analysis of the mixolydian palette, the ♭7-to-4 cadence, and the missing V chord.

Open Pollack mirror →

Isophonics, annotations

Downloadable chord and key files (per-album zip that includes Get Back).

Open Isophonics →

HookTheory / TheoryTab

Roman-numeral function and melody for the verse and chorus.

Open the song page →

BeatlesFC

General Beatles harmonic-function paper (not per-song).

Open the paper →
Song 30 of the 1969-forward queue, twelfth of Let It Be. Theory only, no production notes.
Chords are from a public transcription; exact bar-by-bar detail is at the linked sources. See the full queue.