A WORKING MUSICIAN'S WORKBOOK

Reharmonize
Anything

50 Progressions Rebuilt
BEFORE & AFTER · ROMAN NUMERALS · 100 MIDI FILES
Brandon

Reharmonize Anything

50 Progressions Rebuilt · for keyboard players, guitarists, worship musicians, and producers
Brandon

For everyone who has ever played a chord
and thought, “there has to be a better one.”

Contents

  1. 01  Diatonic Substitution · 5 progressions
  2. 02  Sevenths & Extensions · 5 progressions
  3. 03  Secondary Dominants · 5 progressions
  4. 04  Tritone Substitution · 5 progressions
  5. 05  Modal Interchange · 5 progressions
  6. 06  Approach Chords · 5 progressions
  7. 07  Pedal & Slash · 5 progressions
  8. 08  Line Cliches · 5 progressions
  9. 09  Coltrane / Multi-Tonic · 5 progressions
  10. 10  Backdoor & Constant Structure · 5 progressions

How to Use This Book

Every page does the same thing fifty times. It takes a progression you already know, shows you a before, then rebuilds it into an after, and tells you the one move that did the work and why your ear accepts it.

Play the before first. Then play the after. The melody never changes between them, because reharmonization means changing the chords under a fixed tune. Train your ear on the difference, that gap is the whole craft.

Read each page in rows. Before is the original. After is the reharmonization in plain triads, so the single move stands alone with nothing to hide behind. When a green Jazz Color row appears, it shows the same chords dressed in sevenths and extensions; treat it as a preview of Family 2 and add it only once the bare swap is in your ear.

Every progression ships with MIDI, one file per row, named by number and title. Drop them into any DAW or notation app, or open PLAY_ME.html in a browser to play every before, after, and color side by side. The chords are voiced for keyboard, bass in the left hand, a smooth voice-led right hand.

Each family closes with a Practice box: one drill, one thing to watch for, and one progression to try in a new key. Do them. Reading a reharm and playing one are different skills.

The Roman numerals under each row name the function so the move transfers to every key. Learn the move, not the chord. Then do it to your own songs.

Work the families in order if you are new to this. Jump straight to Tritone Substitution or Coltrane if you are not.

The Reharmonizer's Toolbox

Ten families of moves. Everything in this book is one of these, or a stack of them.

1
Diatonic Substitution
Swap a chord for another of the same function (Tonic, Subdominant, Dominant). The safest recolor there is.
Berklee, Reharmonization Techniques
2
Sevenths & Extensions
Keep the roots, add 7ths, 9ths, 6ths, and 13ths. Color without changing the harmonic story.
Mark Levine, The Jazz Piano Book
3
Secondary Dominants
Aim a dominant 7th at any chord to tonicize it. The strongest forward pull in tonal music.
Nettles & Graf; Ted Pease
4
Tritone Substitution
Replace a dominant with the one a tritone away. Same tritone, new chromatic bass.
Mark Levine, The Jazz Piano Book
5
Modal Interchange
Borrow chords from the parallel minor (or other modes): bVII, iv, bVI, bII.
Schoenberg, Structural Functions of Harmony
6
Approach Chords
Precede a target chord with a chromatic or diminished neighbor a half step away.
Dick Hyman, Professional Chord Changes
7
Pedal & Slash
Hold one bass note, or choose inversions, to draw a melodic line under the harmony.
Ted Greene, Modern Chord Progressions
8
Line Cliches
Walk one inner (or bass) voice by half step under a held chord: i, i(maj7), i7, i6.
Ted Greene, Modern Chord Progressions
9
Coltrane / Multi-Tonic
Divide the octave into equal major thirds for dense, weightless key motion.
Mark Levine, The Jazz Piano Book
10
Backdoor & Constant Structure
Backdoor and deceptive cadences, plus parallel non-functional voicings (constant structure).
Levine; Ted Greene
TECHNIQUE FAMILY 01

Diatonic Substitution

Swap a chord for another of the same function (Tonic, Subdominant, Dominant). The safest recolor there is.

01 The Doo-Wop Becomes a ii-V C major
BEFORE
C
Am
F
G
I vi IV V
AFTER
C
Am
Dm
G
I vi ii V
JAZZ COLOR
Cmaj7
Am7
Dm7
G7
Imaj7 vi7 ii7 V7 (add the sevenths once the swap is in your ear, see Family 2)

The move. One move, plain triads: swap IV (F) for ii (Dm). Both belong to the Subdominant family, so the forward motion is unchanged and the bass now steps down into V. Hold the sevenths until you hear the swap.

Why it works. F and Dm are the same Subdominant color (they share F and A). Trading them keeps the function and tightens the cadence into a ii-V. Once that is in your ear, the jazz line adds the sevenths.

Melody: E G A G E D C G MIDI: track 01 (before / after / color)
Berklee, Reharmonization Techniques (Subdominant family IV/ii, p.8-9).
02 Start Off the Tonic C major
BEFORE
C
F
G
C
I IV V I
AFTER
Em
F
G
Am
iii IV V vi
JAZZ COLOR
Em7
Fmaj7
G7
Am7
iii7 IVmaj7 V7 vi7 (add the sevenths once the swap is in your ear, see Family 2)

The move. Two Tonic-family swaps, triads only: iii (Em) opens in place of I, and vi (Am) replaces the final I. Add the sevenths afterward.

Why it works. iii and vi each share tones with C and avoid the tendency tone F, so the resting function survives while the phrase no longer announces home.

Melody: G E C D E G E C MIDI: track 02 (before / after / color)
Berklee, Reharmonization Techniques (Tonic family I/iii/vi, p.7).
03 Dominant Cousin: the half-diminished for V7 C major
BEFORE
Dm7
G7
Cmaj7
Cmaj7
ii7 V7 Imaj7
AFTER
Dm7
Bm7♭5
Cmaj7
Cmaj7
ii7 viiø7 Imaj7

The move. Dominant-family substitution: replace V7 with the vii half-diminished 7 (written ø7, not o7, which would be fully diminished). This is the one Family 1 move that needs a seventh, because here the color is the substitution.

Why it works. Bm7♭5 (B D F A) is a rootless G9: put a G underneath and you get G B D F A. It carries the same B-F tritone as G7, so the pull home is identical while the bass starts on the leading tone.

Melody: A G D E G E C MIDI: track 03 (before / after)
Berklee, Reharmonization Techniques (V7 and the vii half-diminished share the tritone, p.8).
04 Only the Last Root Moves C major
BEFORE
C
F
G
C
I IV V I
AFTER
C
F
G
Am
I IV V vi
JAZZ COLOR
Cmaj7
Fmaj7
G7
Am7
Imaj7 IVmaj7 V7 vi7 (add the sevenths once the swap is in your ear, see Family 2)

The move. The minimalist reharm, triads only: change a single root. V lands on vi (Am) instead of I. Everything before it stays exactly the same.

Why it works. Only the final root moves, C to A. You do not have to alter every chord; postponing the arrival on I is the entire effect. The sevenths are color on top, not the move.

Melody: A G E G D E C MIDI: track 04 (before / after / color)
Berklee, Reharmonization Techniques (vi for I; minimal change, p.10/p.14).
05 Swap to Relatives, Keep the V F major
BEFORE
F
B♭
F
C
I IV I V
AFTER
Dm
Gm
Am
C
vi ii iii V
JAZZ COLOR
Dm7
Gm7
Am7
C7
vi7 ii7 iii7 V7 (add the sevenths once the swap is in your ear, see Family 2)

The move. Swap each tonic and subdominant for its relative, triads only: I to vi, IV to ii, I to iii. The V stays put, because a dominant has no same-function relative to trade for.

Why it works. iii (Am) is the weaker tonic substitute: it shares tones with I but gives the bass a less final feeling than vi, so beginners can hear it as a new center. Use it as a passing color, not a resting point.

Melody: A C D C A C C A MIDI: track 05 (before / after / color)
Berklee, Reharmonization Techniques (functional-family recoloring, p.7-9).
Practice
DRILLTake I-vi-IV-V in C, then G, then D, then F. (1) Replace IV with ii, keeping the melody fixed. (2) Replace the final I with vi and write one sentence on how the ending now feels. (3) Strip every seventh and confirm the substitution still works as plain triads.
WATCH OUTWatch for a ♭9 clash: if a melody note sits a half step above a tone of your substitute chord, the swap fights the tune. Pick a different same-family chord.
TRY THISIn G major, turn G-Em-C-D into G-Em-Am-D (IV becomes ii).
TECHNIQUE FAMILY 02

Sevenths & Extensions

Keep the roots, add 7ths, 9ths, 6ths, and 13ths. Color without changing the harmonic story.

06 Triads to Sevenths (the gateway) C major
BEFORE
C
F
G
C
I IV V I
AFTER
Cmaj7
Fmaj7
G7
Cmaj7
Imaj7 IVmaj7 V7 Imaj7

The move. Add the diatonic 7th to every triad. Nothing about the function changes; the guide tones (3rd and 7th) simply appear.

Why it works. The 7th gives each chord a leading edge and a tail, so voice-leading between chords becomes audible. This is the first move in every jazz reharm.

Melody: G E C D E G E C MIDI: track 06 (before / after)
Mark Levine, The Jazz Piano Book (diatonic 7th chords).
07 Add the 9ths C major
BEFORE
C
Am
F
G
I vi IV V
AFTER
Cadd9
Am9
Fmaj9
G9
Iadd9 vi9 IVmaj9 V9

The move. Stack the 9th on each chord for an open, modern pop-jazz sheen without disturbing roots or function.

Why it works. The 9th sits a whole step above the root, the most consonant available color tone, so it brightens every chord while staying inside the key.

Melody: C E G A G E D C MIDI: track 07 (before / after)
Mark Levine, The Jazz Piano Book (tensions: the 9th).
08 6 and 6/9 Instead of Plain Major G major
BEFORE
G
C
G
D
I IV I V
AFTER
G6
Cmaj9
Gadd9
D9
I6 IVmaj9 Iadd9 V9

The move. Swap bare major triads for 6, 6/9, and add9 voicings, the Ted-Greene staple for a warm, non-functional glow.

Why it works. The major 6th is more stable than the major 7th on a tonic chord, so it rests without the maj7's slight tension. A favorite final-chord color.

Melody: B D E D B A G D MIDI: track 08 (before / after)
Ted Greene, Modern Chord Progressions (6th and 6/9 voicings).
09 Suspend the Dominant C major
BEFORE
Dm7
G7
C
C
ii7 V7 I
AFTER
Dm7
G7sus4G7
Cmaj7
Cmaj7
ii7 V7sus4-V7 Imaj7

The move. Split the dominant bar: hang a sus4 first, then resolve it to the plain V7. The 4th delays the 3rd's arrival.

Why it works. The sus4 belongs to the Dominant family too, so the function holds while the suspension adds a moment of soft tension before the leading tone bites.

Melody: G E D C MIDI: track 09 (before / after)
Berklee, Reharmonization Techniques (V7sus4 in the Dominant family, p.8).
10 Upper-Structure 13ths F major
BEFORE
Gm
C
F
F
ii V I
AFTER
Gm9
C13
Fmaj9
Fmaj9
ii9 V13 Imaj9

The move. Pile the full set of available tensions on a ii-V-I: 9 on the ii, 13 on the V, 9 on the I.

Why it works. The 13th on the dominant sits a whole step above the b7, ringing as the top of the chord. It is the lushest consonant color a V7 can wear.

Melody: C A D C MIDI: track 10 (before / after)
Mark Levine, The Jazz Piano Book (upper-structure tensions on ii-V-I).
Practice
DRILLAdd the diatonic 7th to every chord of a song you already know. Then add a 9th only where the melody is not already sitting on the root.
WATCH OUTDo not add a 13 to a ii chord; save that tension for the V that follows it.
TRY THISIn C, voice C-Am-F-G as Cadd9-Am9-Fmaj9-G9.
TECHNIQUE FAMILY 03

Secondary Dominants

Aim a dominant 7th at any chord to tonicize it. The strongest forward pull in tonal music.

11 V7 of V C major
BEFORE
C
Dm7
G7
C
I ii7 V7 I
AFTER
C
D7
G7
C
I V7/V V7 I

The move. Turn the ii7 into a dominant aimed at V. The minor 3rd of Dm7 (F) raises to F#, the leading tone of G.

Why it works. Any diatonic chord can be approached by its own dominant. D7 to G7 is two dominants in a row, the strongest pull in tonal music.

Melody: E G A G E D C G MIDI: track 11 (before / after)
Nettles & Graf, The Chord Scale Theory & Jazz Harmony (secondary dominants).
12 Chain of Dominants (the ragtime pull) C major
BEFORE
C
Am
Dm
G
I vi ii V
AFTER
C
A7
D7
G7
I V7/ii V7/V V7

The move. Make every chord in the turnaround a dominant. A7-D7-G7 is a cycle of dominants resolving by descending fifths into C.

Why it works. Each dominant tonicizes the next root. This is the engine under ragtime, gospel, and 'Sweet Georgia Brown'.

Melody: C E G A G E D C MIDI: track 12 (before / after)
Ted Pease, Jazz Composition (extended dominant chains).
13 The Sudden Minor Pull (V7/vi) C major
BEFORE
C
C
Am
Am
I I vi vi
AFTER
C
E7
Am
Am
I V7/vi vi vi

The move. Insert E7 to tonicize the relative minor. The G# leading tone pulls hard into A.

Why it works. A bright dominant landing on a minor chord is one of pop's most emotional gestures, the 'I will always love you' lift down to vi.

Melody: G E C D E G E C MIDI: track 13 (before / after)
Nettles & Graf, The Chord Scale Theory & Jazz Harmony (V7/vi).
14 Blues It Up (V7/IV = I7) C major
BEFORE
C
C
F
F
I I IV IV
AFTER
C
C7
Fmaj7
F
I V7/IV IVmaj7 IV

The move. Drop a b7 onto the tonic so it becomes the dominant of IV. C7 leans into F.

Why it works. The I7 is the most common secondary dominant in all of popular music; it is the chord that turns a hymn into the blues.

Melody: G E D C MIDI: track 14 (before / after)
Nettles & Graf, The Chord Scale Theory & Jazz Harmony (V7/IV).
15 V7 of ii C major
BEFORE
Cmaj7
Am7
Dm7
G7
Imaj7 vi7 ii7 V7
AFTER
Cmaj7
A7
Dm7
G7
Imaj7 V7/ii ii7 V7

The move. Convert the vi7 into A7 so it dominant-resolves into the ii. C# is the new leading tone aimed at D.

Why it works. Threading a secondary dominant into a I-vi-ii-V turnaround injects chromatic motion without leaving the key's orbit.

Melody: A G E G D E C MIDI: track 15 (before / after)
Ted Pease, Jazz Composition (secondary dominant of ii).
Practice
DRILLPick any diatonic chord and precede it with its own dominant, a 7th chord a fifth above its root, then resolve down a fifth.
WATCH OUTA secondary dominant alters a note from the key. Make sure the melody is not holding the very note you just raised.
TRY THISIn C, change C-Dm7-G7-C into C-D7-G7-C (D7 is the V7 of V).
TECHNIQUE FAMILY 04

Tritone Substitution

Replace a dominant with the one a tritone away. Same tritone, new chromatic bass.

16 subV7 of I C major
BEFORE
Dm7
G7
C
C
ii7 V7 I
AFTER
Dm7
D♭7
Cmaj7
Cmaj7
ii7 su♭V7 Imaj7

The move. Replace G7 with the dominant a tritone away, Db7. Both share the B-F tritone (Db7 spells it Cb-F).

Why it works. The shared tritone keeps the dominant function; the bass now slides chromatically D-Db-C, the signature sound of the tritone sub.

Melody: G E D C MIDI: track 16 (before / after)
Mark Levine, The Jazz Piano Book (tritone substitution).
17 Chromatic-Bass Turnaround C major
BEFORE
Em7
A7
Dm7
G7
iii7 VI7 ii7 V7
AFTER
Em7
E♭7
Dm7
D♭7
iii7 su♭V/ii ii7 su♭V7

The move. Apply the tritone sub to both dominants in the turnaround. The roots descend by half step: E-Eb-D-Db.

Why it works. Tritone subs turn a cycle-of-fifths turnaround into a smooth chromatic bass line, the classic 'Lady Bird' descent.

Melody: C E G A G E D C MIDI: track 17 (before / after)
Mark Levine, The Jazz Piano Book (chromatic turnarounds).
18 subV of V C major
BEFORE
C
D7
G7
C
I V7/V V7 I
AFTER
C
A♭7
G7
C
I su♭V/V V7 I

The move. Tritone-substitute the secondary dominant. Ab7 replaces D7 and resolves down a half step to G7.

Why it works. Now two chromatic approaches stack up: Ab7 to G7 to C, a descending half-step chain that sounds far richer than the diatonic original.

Melody: G E C D E G E C MIDI: track 18 (before / after)
Nettles & Graf, The Chord Scale Theory & Jazz Harmony (subV of secondary dominants).
19 subV7 of IV C major
BEFORE
C
C7
F
F
I V7/IV IV
AFTER
C
G♭7
Fmaj7
F
I su♭V/IV IVmaj7

The move. The blues C7 (V7/IV) gets tritone-subbed to Gb7, which slips down a half step into F.

Why it works. Replacing the expected I7 with a chord a half step above the target is a stealth way to reach IV, beloved of bossa and film writers.

Melody: E G A G E D C G MIDI: track 19 (before / after)
Mark Levine, The Jazz Piano Book (subV resolution by half step).
20 The subV with a #11 on Top C major
BEFORE
Dm7
G7
Cmaj7
Cmaj7
ii7 V7 Imaj7
AFTER
Dm7
D♭9
Cmaj7
Cmaj7
ii7 su♭V9(♯11) Imaj7

The move. Voice the tritone sub as Db9 so the melody's G rings as the #11, the lush 'lydian dominant' color.

Why it works. On a tritone sub the natural tension is the #11; here it is the melody note itself, which is why the chord sounds gorgeous rather than wrong.

Melody: G C G E MIDI: track 20 (before / after)
Mark Levine, The Jazz Piano Book (lydian-dominant scale on subV).
Practice
DRILLReplace any dominant 7th with the dominant a tritone away, and confirm both share the same two guide tones (the 3rd and 7th).
WATCH OUTThe tritone sub wants a chromatic bass. If the bass cannot fall a half step into the target, the sub loses its point.
TRY THISIn C, change Dm7-G7-C into Dm7-D♭7-C.
TECHNIQUE FAMILY 05

Modal Interchange

Borrow chords from the parallel minor (or other modes): bVII, iv, bVI, bII.

21 The bVII Rock Turn (Mixolydian) C major
BEFORE
C
G
F
C
I V IV I
AFTER
C
B♭
F
C
I ♭VII IV I

The move. Borrow bVII from C Mixolydian in place of V. The leading tone vanishes and the cadence turns modal.

Why it works. bVII-IV-I is the backbone of rock from the Beatles to Tom Petty; it resolves by step, not by tritone, so it feels grounded rather than urgent.

Melody: E G A G E D C G MIDI: track 21 (before / after)
Schoenberg, Structural Functions of Harmony (modal interchange / regions).
22 The Heartbreak Chord (IV to iv) C major
BEFORE
C
F
F
C
I IV IV I
AFTER
C
F
Fm
C
I IV iv I
JAZZ COLOR
Cmaj7
F6
Fm6
Cmaj7
Imaj7 IV6 iv6 Imaj7 (add the sevenths once the swap is in your ear, see Family 2)

The move. Borrow the minor iv from C minor, triads only: F becomes Fm. The 6th scale degree drops from A to A♭ under the held melody.

Why it works. The IV-iv-I motion is the most reliable bittersweet gesture in songwriting, the chromatic descent A♭ to G beneath the tonic. The 6th voicings come after the bare move is in your ear.

Melody: G E D C MIDI: track 22 (before / after / color)
Schoenberg, Structural Functions of Harmony (borrowed subdominant minor).
23 The Aeolian Cadence (bVI-bVII-I) C major
BEFORE
Am
F
G
C
vi IV V I
AFTER
Am
A♭
B♭
C
vi ♭VI ♭VII I

The move. Borrow bVI and bVII from C minor for an epic step-up cadence into the major tonic.

Why it works. Ab-Bb-C is the 'Mario' or arena-rock cadence: three roots climbing by whole step into a triumphant I, no leading tone required.

Melody: A G E G D E C MIDI: track 23 (before / after)
Schoenberg, Structural Functions of Harmony (Aeolian borrowings).
24 Borrowed Mediant (iii to bIII) C major
BEFORE
C
Em
F
G
I iii IV V
AFTER
C
E♭
F
G
I ♭III IV V

The move. Slide the diatonic iii down a half step to bIII, borrowed from the parallel minor.

Why it works. bIII drops a surprise chromatic root (Eb) into a bright key, the Beatles 'flat-mediant' move that colors a major progression with shadow.

Melody: C E G A G E D C MIDI: track 24 (before / after)
Schoenberg, Structural Functions of Harmony (flat-mediant interchange).
25 The Neapolitan (bII) A minor
BEFORE
Am
Dm
E7
Am
i iv V7 i
AFTER
Am
B♭
E7
Am
i ♭II V7 i

The move. Replace the iv with the Neapolitan, a major triad on the lowered 2nd degree, acting as an intense predominant.

Why it works. bII pushes a half step down into the dominant's root region and lends the cadence a dark, Baroque gravity.

Melody: E D C A C E A MIDI: track 25 (before / after)
Schoenberg, Structural Functions of Harmony (Neapolitan as predominant).
Practice
DRILLBorrow one chord from the parallel minor (♭VII, iv, or ♭VI) and drop it into a major progression you like.
WATCH OUTBorrowed chords darken the key quickly. One per phrase is usually plenty.
TRY THISIn C, change C-F-C-G into C-F-Fm-C (IV becomes iv).
TECHNIQUE FAMILY 06

Approach Chords

Precede a target chord with a chromatic or diminished neighbor a half step away.

26 Slide In From Above C major
BEFORE
C
Dm7
G7
C
I ii7 V7 I
AFTER
C
E♭m7Dm7
G7
C
I ♭IIIm7-ii7 V7 I

The move. Approach the ii7 from a half step above (Ebm7 to Dm7), a chromatic parallel slide.

Why it works. Any chord can be prefaced by the same chord type a half step away. The parallel motion is smooth and instantly jazzy.

Melody: E G A G E D C G MIDI: track 26 (before / after)
Dick Hyman, Professional Chord Changes and Substitutions (chromatic approach chords).
27 Ascending Diminished Passing Chord C major
BEFORE
C
Dm7
G7
C
I ii7 V7 I
AFTER
C
C♯dim7Dm7
G7
C
I ♯io7-ii7 V7 I

The move. Insert #i-diminished-7 between I and ii. The bass climbs C-C#-D while the diminished chord supplies a quiet pull.

Why it works. The rising diminished passing chord is everywhere in standards ('Ain't Misbehavin') because it connects two diatonic chords by half step.

Melody: C E G A G E D C MIDI: track 27 (before / after)
Dick Hyman, Professional Chord Changes and Substitutions (diminished passing chords).
28 #IV-diminished Into V C major
BEFORE
C
F
G7
C
I IV V7 I
AFTER
C
Fmaj7
F♯dim7G7
C
I IVmaj7 ♯ivo7-V7 I

The move. Bridge IV and V with #iv-diminished-7. The bass walks F-F#-G.

Why it works. F#dim7 is a rootless D7b9 in disguise, so it doubles as both a passing chord and a secondary dominant of V.

Melody: G E C D E G E C MIDI: track 28 (before / after)
Dick Hyman, Professional Chord Changes and Substitutions (#IVo7 link).
29 The Half-Step-Above Maj7 Slide C major
BEFORE
C
Dm7
G7
C
I ii7 V7 I
AFTER
Cmaj7
D♭maj7Dm7
G7
Cmaj7
Imaj7 ♭IImaj7-ii7 V7 Imaj7

The move. Approach the target chord by sliding the same quality down from a half step above (Dbmaj7 into Dm7).

Why it works. Constant-quality chromatic approach is a Hyman trademark. The ear hears one shape gliding into place, not a key change.

Melody: G E D C MIDI: track 29 (before / after)
Dick Hyman, Professional Chord Changes and Substitutions (parallel approach).
30 Rising Chromatic Diminished Line C major
BEFORE
C
Dm7
Em7
C
I ii7 iii7 I
AFTER
CC♯dim7
Dm7D♯dim7
Em7
C
I-♯io7 ii7-♯iio7 iii7 I

The move. Thread a diminished-7 between each diatonic step (I-#io7-ii-#iio7-iii) so the bass climbs entirely by half step.

Why it works. A staircase of diminished passing chords turns three plain chords into a fully chromatic ascent, the lush intro sound of countless ballads.

Melody: C E G A G E D C MIDI: track 30 (before / after)
Dick Hyman, Professional Chord Changes and Substitutions (diminished staircase).
Practice
DRILLChoose a target chord and precede it with the same chord type a half step above, then try a half step below.
WATCH OUTA diminished passing chord works best ascending; descending, it often wants to be a dominant instead.
TRY THISIn C, slide D♭maj7 into Dm7 just before the G7.
TECHNIQUE FAMILY 07

Pedal & Slash

Hold one bass note, or choose inversions, to draw a melodic line under the harmony.

31 Tonic Pedal C major
BEFORE
C
F
G
C
I IV V I
AFTER
C
F/C
G/C
C
I IV/1 V/1 I

The move. Hold the tonic in the bass under the moving chords. F/C and G/C keep C ringing below.

Why it works. A pedal anchors restless harmony to home. The chords float while the bass refuses to move, building patient tension.

Melody: E G A G E D C G MIDI: track 31 (before / after)
Ted Greene, Modern Chord Progressions (pedal point voicings).
32 Dominant Pedal C major
BEFORE
Dm
Em
F
G
ii iii IV V
AFTER
Dm/G
Em/G
F/G
G
ii/5 iii/5 IV/5 V

The move. Sit on the dominant G in the bass while upper chords pass over it, delaying the true V.

Why it works. A dominant pedal coils the harmony, every chord straining toward the release that the held G finally delivers.

Melody: A G E G D E C MIDI: track 32 (before / after)
Ted Greene, Modern Chord Progressions (dominant pedal).
33 Descending Bass Line C major
BEFORE
C
C
F
G
I I IV V
AFTER
C
C/B
Am
C/G
I I/7 vi I/5

The move. Use inversions to carve a stepwise descending bass C-B-A-G under a near-static harmony.

Why it works. The descending tetrachord ('Stairway', 'A Whiter Shade of Pale') turns chord choice into a bass-line decision, the most singable reharm there is.

Melody: E G A G E D C G MIDI: track 33 (before / after)
Ted Greene, Modern Chord Progressions (bass-line-driven inversions).
34 Ascending Bass Line C major
BEFORE
C
F
C
G
I IV I V
AFTER
C
C/E
F
G
I I/3 IV V

The move. Place I in first inversion (C/E) so the bass steps up C-E-F-G into the cadence.

Why it works. A rising bass builds momentum toward V. First-inversion tonic is the quiet hinge that makes the climb feel inevitable.

Melody: C E G A G E D C MIDI: track 34 (before / after)
Ted Greene, Modern Chord Progressions (inversions for melodic bass).
35 The Pop Slash Chord (IV over V) C major
BEFORE
F
G
C
C
IV V I
AFTER
F/G
G
Cmaj7
Cmaj7
IV/5 V Imaj7

The move. Stack IV over the dominant bass (F/G) for an 11-sus sound that resolves to V.

Why it works. F/G is the warm, unresolved 'gospel' suspension over the dominant root, a single slash that hands you a whole color the triad cannot.

Melody: G E C D E G E C MIDI: track 35 (before / after)
Ted Greene, Modern Chord Progressions (slash-chord upper structures).
Practice
DRILLHold the tonic in the bass under a whole phrase. Then play the same phrase holding the dominant in the bass instead.
WATCH OUTA pedal turns every upper chord into a slash chord. Keep the moving voices simple or the texture turns to mud.
TRY THISIn C, play C-F/C-G/C-C with C held underneath throughout.
TECHNIQUE FAMILY 08

Line Cliches

Walk one inner (or bass) voice by half step under a held chord: i, i(maj7), i7, i6.

36 The Minor Line Cliche A minor
BEFORE
Am
Am
Am
Am
i i i i
AFTER
Am
Am(maj7)
Am7
Am6
i i(maj7) i7 i6

The move. Hold the minor chord and walk one inner voice down by half step: A-G#-G-F# over a static i.

Why it works. The chromatic descent inside a held minor chord is the 'James Bond' / 'My Funny Valentine' sound, motion without a single root change.

Melody: A C E D C A A MIDI: track 36 (before / after)
Ted Greene, Modern Chord Progressions (line cliche).
37 The Major Line Cliche C major
BEFORE
C
C
C
C
I I I I
AFTER
C
Caug
C6
C7
I I+ I6 I7

The move. Walk an inner voice up from the 5th: G-G#-A-Bb, giving C-Caug-C6-C7 over a held tonic.

Why it works. The rising augmented line lifts a static major chord toward IV, the 'Something' and 'Dear Prudence' intro sound.

Melody: G E D C MIDI: track 37 (before / after)
Ted Greene, Modern Chord Progressions (ascending line cliche).
38 Descending Line Into IV C major
BEFORE
C
C
F
F
I I IV IV
AFTER
C
Cmaj7
C7
Fmaj7
I Imaj7 I7 IVmaj7

The move. Drop the top voice C-B-Bb-A across I-Imaj7-I7-IV so the line lands on IV's 3rd.

Why it works. This descending cliche pre-writes the voice leading into IV; the ear is pulled there one half step at a time.

Melody: G E D C MIDI: track 38 (before / after)
Ted Greene, Modern Chord Progressions (cliche resolving to IV).
39 The Cliche in the Bass A minor
BEFORE
Am
Am
Am
Am
i i i i
AFTER
Am
Am/G♯
Am/G
Am/F♯
i i/7 i/♭7 i/6

The move. Put the same chromatic descent in the bass instead of an inner voice: A-G#-G-F# under a held Am.

Why it works. Moving the cliche to the bass changes its weight entirely, a slow chromatic floor under the chord rather than a hidden inner thread.

Melody: E D C A C E A MIDI: track 39 (before / after)
Ted Greene, Modern Chord Progressions (bass-voiced line cliche).
40 Cliche Into a Bright IV A minor
BEFORE
Am
Am
Am
Am
i i i i
AFTER
Am
Am(maj7)
Am7
D9
i i(maj7) i7 IV9(Dorian)

The move. Run the minor cliche, then resolve it onto a major IV (D9) borrowed from A Dorian.

Why it works. The descending inner line lands on a sudden bright chord, the 'In My Life' / Dorian lift that recolors the whole phrase.

Melody: A C E D C A A MIDI: track 40 (before / after)
Ron Miller, Modal Jazz Composition and Harmony (Dorian IV).
Practice
DRILLHold one chord and walk a single voice down by half step: i, i(maj7), i7, i6.
WATCH OUTOnly one voice moves. If two move, you have left the cliche and written a new progression.
TRY THISOn Am, play Am-Am(maj7)-Am7-Am6.
TECHNIQUE FAMILY 09

Coltrane / Multi-Tonic

Divide the octave into equal major thirds for dense, weightless key motion.

41 Giant-Steps Insert C major
BEFORE
Dm7
G7
Cmaj7
Cmaj7
ii7 V7 Imaj7
AFTER
Dm7
E♭7A♭maj7
B7Emaj7
G7Cmaj7
ii7 su♭V-♭VImaj7 V/III-IIImaj7 V7-Imaj7

The move. Drop Coltrane's three-tonic cycle into a plain ii-V-I. The major keys descend by major thirds: C-Ab-E-C.

Why it works. Replacing one dominant bar with a major-third cycle is the famous 'Giant Steps' substitution, dense tonal motion over a simple frame.

Melody: G C G E MIDI: track 41 (before / after)
Mark Levine, The Jazz Piano Book (Coltrane changes).
42 Major-Thirds Cycle Over a Static I C major
BEFORE
Cmaj7
Cmaj7
Cmaj7
Cmaj7
Imaj7 (vamp)
AFTER
Cmaj7
A♭maj7
Emaj7
Cmaj7
Imaj7 ♭VImaj7 IIImaj7 Imaj7

The move. Replace a one-chord vamp with the Coltrane matrix: three major chords a major third apart, returning home.

Why it works. The augmented axis (C-Ab-E) divides the octave evenly, so the cycle feels weightless, every chord equally far from home.

Melody: C G E C MIDI: track 42 (before / after)
Mark Levine, The Jazz Piano Book (augmented-axis cycles).
43 Coltrane Turnaround C major
BEFORE
C
A7
D7
G7
I VI7 II7 V7
AFTER
Cmaj7E♭7
A♭maj7B7
Emaj7G7
Cmaj7
full Coltrane matrix

The move. Reharmonize a rhythm-changes turnaround as the complete Coltrane cycle, each major chord launched by its own dominant.

Why it works. The dominants (Eb7, B7, G7) glue the major-third cycle together, the exact device Coltrane laid over standards in 1959-60.

Melody: G C G E MIDI: track 43 (before / after)
Mark Levine, The Jazz Piano Book (Coltrane turnaround).
44 Tadd Dameron Turnaround C major
BEFORE
C
C
C
C
I (vamp)
AFTER
Cmaj7
E♭maj7
A♭maj7
D♭maj7
Imaj7 ♭IIImaj7 ♭VImaj7 ♭IImaj7

The move. The Dameron turnaround: a chain of major7 chords reached by tritone-sub logic, ending a half step above home (bII).

Why it works. It is the smooth, descending cousin of the Coltrane cycle; bIImaj7 resolves down to I with maximum gloss.

Melody: C G E C MIDI: track 44 (before / after)
Mark Levine, The Jazz Piano Book (Tadd Dameron turnaround).
45 Countdown (Coltrane's reharm of Tune Up) D major
BEFORE
Em7
A7
Dmaj7
Dmaj7
ii7 V7 Imaj7
AFTER
Em7F7
B♭maj7D♭7
G♭maj7A7
Dmaj7
Coltrane Countdown

The move. Coltrane's actual 'Countdown' rewrite of a ii-V-I: insert two extra tonics (Bb, Gb) with their dominants before reaching D.

Why it works. Countdown is the proof-of-concept for substituting an entire major-third cycle inside a single ii-V-I, the most studied reharm in jazz.

Melody: A D A F♯ MIDI: track 45 (before / after)
Mark Levine, The Jazz Piano Book (Countdown analysis).
Practice
DRILLFrom any major chord, jump down a major third twice and return, giving three tonics that divide the octave evenly.
WATCH OUTThese cycles move fast. Give each chord its own dominant or the ear loses the thread.
TRY THISVamp Cmaj7-A♭maj7-Emaj7-Cmaj7.
TECHNIQUE FAMILY 10

Backdoor & Constant Structure

Backdoor and deceptive cadences, plus parallel non-functional voicings (constant structure).

46 The Backdoor ii-V (bVII7 to I) C major
BEFORE
Dm7
G7
Cmaj7
Cmaj7
ii7 V7 Imaj7
AFTER
Fm7
B♭7
Cmaj7
Cmaj7
ivm7 ♭VII7 Imaj7

The move. Replace the front-door ii-V with the backdoor ii-V borrowed from the parallel minor: Fm7-Bb7 into Cmaj7.

Why it works. Bb7 (the bVII dominant) resolves up to C, its b7 (Ab) falling to G. The backdoor cadence is warmer and less urgent than the leading-tone V.

Melody: G E C D E G E C MIDI: track 46 (before / after)
Mark Levine, The Jazz Piano Book (backdoor ii-V).
47 Deceptive Into bVI C major
BEFORE
C
F
G
C
I IV V I
AFTER
C
Fmaj7
G7
A♭maj7
I IVmaj7 V7 ♭VImaj7

The move. Let the dominant resolve to bVImaj7 instead of I, a chromatic deceptive cadence borrowed from minor.

Why it works. V-bVI is the cinematic 'wrong turn' cadence; the melody's C becomes the 3rd of Abmaj7, so it lands soft rather than jarring.

Melody: G E D C MIDI: track 47 (before / after)
Schoenberg, Structural Functions of Harmony (deceptive resolutions to bVI).
48 The Gospel IV-iv-I C major
BEFORE
C
F
C
C
I IV I I
AFTER
Cmaj7
F6
Fm6
Cmaj7/G
Imaj7 IV6 iv6 Imaj7/5

The move. Expand the plagal 'Amen' with the borrowed iv and a tonic-over-5 ending: IV6-iv6-I/5.

Why it works. The plagal cadence gains its ache from the iv's lowered 6th; ending on I over the dominant bass keeps the resolution gentle.

Melody: C E G A G E D C MIDI: track 48 (before / after)
Ted Greene, Modern Chord Progressions (plagal color, slash endings).
49 Constant-Structure Planing C major
BEFORE
C
Am
F
G
I vi IV V
AFTER
Cmaj7
Amaj7
Fmaj7
Dmaj7
maj7 planing (non-functional)

The move. Keep one chord shape (major7) and move it in parallel under the melody, ignoring diatonic function entirely.

Why it works. Constant structure is color over function: the ear follows the melody while identical voicings glide beneath, the Ted Greene / impressionist sound.

Melody: G E D C MIDI: track 49 (before / after)
Ted Greene, Modern Chord Progressions (constant structure).
50 Quartal Reharmonization (So What) D Dorian
BEFORE
Dm
Dm
Em
Em
i i ii ii
AFTER
Dm11
Dm11
Em11
Em11
i(quartal) ii(quartal)

The move. Voice the modal vamp in stacked fourths (the 'So What' voicing) instead of tertian triads.

Why it works. Quartal harmony blurs chord quality, so a modal vamp sounds open and rootless, the gateway from reharmonization into modal composition.

Melody: D F A D MIDI: track 50 (before / after)
Ron Miller, Modal Jazz Composition and Harmony (quartal voicings).
Practice
DRILLReplace a front-door ii-V with the backdoor iv-♭VII7. Separately, take one chord shape and slide it in parallel under the melody.
WATCH OUTConstant structure ignores function. Let the melody, not the roots, carry the line.
TRY THISIn C, end a phrase with Fm7-B♭7-Cmaj7 (the backdoor cadence).

About the MIDI Files

The download folder holds 100 MIDI files, a before and an after for all fifty progressions, named by number and title (for example 16_subV7-of-I_before.mid and 16_subV7-of-I_after.mid). An INDEX.csv lists every file with its key and family.

Each file plays at 92 BPM with the melody on one track and the chord voicing on another, so you can mute the melody, solo the chords, or replace either. The voicings use closest-tone voice leading: each chord moves to the next by the shortest path, which is why they sound like a player and not a chart.

If a file sounds thin in your player, that is your synth, not the file. Assign a real piano or electric-piano patch and the voicings open up.

A Note on Voicings

Chords are written as symbols, not fixed shapes. Cmaj7 tells you the notes; how you spread them across two hands is yours to choose. The MIDI shows one good option. Reharmonization lives in the chord choice; voicing is the next book.

Sources & Further Study

Every technique here is drawn from the standard literature. To go deeper:

Now go ruin a perfectly good progression.

And then make it better.

🛍️ Get the printable