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Music theory · Abbey Road, track 10

Sun King

The Beatles · from Abbey Road (1969) · side-two medley

A study in lush, dreamlike major-key harmony.
Slow major-seventh chords and close three-part voices drift over a soft E-major bed, then the piece dissolves into a coda sung in invented Romance-language syllables.

Key E major Color major-7 & borrowed chords Voices three-part close harmony Coda mock-Romance vamp

Sun King, the theory in plain words

This is a slow, dreamy song in a warm home key called E major.

The chords are soft and jazzy, the kind with an extra note added on top that makes them sound like a sunset.

Three singers stack close notes together, so the voices sound like one glowing chord.

Some chords step outside the home key for a moment, which is called borrowing, and it adds the dreamy color.

At the end the singers make up words that only sound like Spanish or Italian, over a gently repeating chord.

To see the exact chords and key, open Pollack or Isophonics.

How to read this page. The E-major center and the lush, borrowed-chord character of Sun King are well documented, but its exact progression is worth reading from a full transcription.
The chart states the tonic confidently and marks the moving chords to confirm.

The theory

Key & tonal center

A soft, settled E major

The piece is in E major and moves at a very slow harmonic rhythm, letting each chord bloom before the next.
That unhurried tonal center is the frame the lush colors and borrowed chords decorate.

Harmony, the core device

Major-seventh color and borrowed chords

The harmony favors major-seventh and added-tone chords rather than plain triads, which is what gives Sun King its jazzy, hazy glow.
Non-diatonic borrowed chords slip in to tint the E-major center, a modal-mixture shading that keeps the key feeling dreamlike rather than bright.
Confirm the exact chords and their qualities at Isophonics and BeatlesFC.

Vocal harmony

Three voices in close harmony

Like Because, the vocal is a tightly spaced three-part harmony, the singers layered so the words blur into a single shimmering chord.
The close spacing is what makes the harmony feel plush rather than merely stacked.

Texture

Slow arpeggios, wide space

The accompaniment rolls its chords out slowly and leaves generous room around each note, so the added-tone colors ring clearly.
The near-static harmonic motion turns the texture itself into the main event.

Form & coda

A medley movement with a nonsense coda

Sun King is a short movement in the medley, and it closes on an extended vamp sung in invented, Romance-sounding syllables.
Harmonically the coda is a gentle loop that prioritizes mood and color over any strong cadence.
Confirm the coda's exact chords at Pollack.

Key analysis

Key: E major, with borrowed (modal-mixture) chords for color.
Scale: E F# G# A B C# D#.
DegreeChordNashvilleRoman
1E1I
2F#m2mii
3G#m3miii
4A4IV
5B5V
6C#m6mvi
7D#°vii°

Nashville numbers

Chords sourced from a public transcription. An E-centered intro drifts to borrowed color chords in the vocal section.

Intro (lush E)

1E
4A
4maj7Amaj7

Vocal section (borrowed color)

b6C
5mEm
b3m7Gm7
4A

Coda / outro (mock-Romance)

4A
1E

Reading the numbers: each is a scale degree in E major. Plain = major, m = minor, ° = diminished, (7)/(maj7) = seventh colorings, b-degrees are borrowed chromatic steps.

Chord fingerings

The tonic E is a plain open triad, so no special diagram is needed.
The lush major-seventh and borrowed chords are best read as voicings from a full transcription at the sources below.

Confirm the specifics here

Pollack, “Notes On Sun King”

Prose analysis of the E-major center, the borrowed-chord color, and the coda.

Open Pollack mirror →

Isophonics, annotations

Downloadable chord and key files: the exact major-seventh and borrowed chords in seconds.

Open Isophonics →

HookTheory / TheoryTab

Roman-numeral function and melody for the dreamy harmony, if a community tab exists.

Open the Beatles index →

BeatlesFC

Tonic, predominant, and dominant labels for the chords at phrase level.

Open the paper →
Song 10 of the 1969-forward queue. Theory only, no production notes.
Harmonic and formal claims are the broadly documented ones; exact chord and bar specifics live in the linked sources. See the full queue.